Published Thu, Mar 31 20229:41 AM EDT Jennifer Liu@jljenniferliu
A toxic work culture is the biggest reason why people quit, and it’s 10 times even more important than pay, according to research published in the MIT Sloan Management Review. But what exactly does a toxic workplace actually look like?
Researchers analyzed 1.4 million Glassdoor reviews from nearly 600 major U.S. companies and found employees describe toxic workplaces in five main ways: non-inclusive, disrespectful, unethical, cutthroat and abusive.
“Employees can have hundreds of different criticisms about their organization that they discuss on Glassdoor,” from IT problems to clueless management, says Charlie Sull, a researcher on the analysis. “Most won’t have a powerful emotive effect on their assessment of the organization, but we’re looking at a small sample of topics that do have a large effect on a company’s Glassdoor rating.” Those same factors can cost companies billions of dollars in employees quitting.
For their analysis, researchers focused on topics repeated in employee reviews that correlated with both a negative score on the company’s culture score and high attrition rates from April to September 2021.
“These aren’t just mere annoyances,” Sull says. “These are the things that’ll cause an emotional reaction that’ll make you dread going into work.”
What toxic work culture looks like
Based on anonymous reviews, employees say the following five descriptions are textbook elements of a toxic work culture:
- Non-inclusive, where members across gender, race, sexual identity and orientation, disability and age don’t feel they are treated fairly, welcomed or included in key decisions. Researchers caution that though these identity-related topics might not apply to all employees, they have a big impact. For example, “respect” is mentioned 30 times more frequently in employee reviews than LGBTQ equity, but both topics have the same impact on an employee’s view of culture when they are discussed negatively in a review.
- Disrespectful, or lacking in consideration, courtesy and dignity for others. The researchers’ previous work found respect, or the lack thereof, was the single strongest predictor of how employees as a whole rated the corporate culture.
- Unethical behavior, including descriptions of the organization being dishonest or lacking regulatory compliance, including with Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards, which protect workers’ safety, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which protects sensitive patient information.
- Cutthroat or backstabbing behavior and ruthless competition. Nearly 10% of employee reviews noted poor collaboration at their company, which didn’t have a huge impact on turnover. But what did correspond with low culture scores and higher turnover was employees saying that their office was “Darwinian” or that colleagues often “stab each other in the back.”
- Abusive management, including bullying, harassment and hostility. Nearly one-third of Glassdoor reviews discuss management in general, but 0.8% described their manager as abusive.